Abstract: Introduction: Tracheotomy is commonly used in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing major surgery. Purpose: To identify the nursing interventions in the safe decannulation process in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery. Methods: Rapid systematic review on MEDLINE and CIHNAL, January 2023. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The nursing interventions was grouped into before, during and after the decannulation. Conclusion: Literature review shows the need for a structured nursing process supporting safe decannulation. The team must ensure that the reason for performing the tracheotomy were resolved and that no anesthetic or surgical procedure is foreseen shortly. These are essential factors associated with the state of consciousness, deflated tube cuff and tube cap tolerance prior decannulation. The literature highlights the need for experienced teams, including nurses, to ensure the safe decannulation process.

Resumo: Introdução: A traqueostomia é habitualmente utilizada em doentes com cancro de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a cirurgias major. Objetivo: Identificar as intervenções de enfermagem no processo de remoção da cânula com segurança em doentes submetidos a cirurgia oncológica de cabeça e pescoço. Métodos: Revisão sistemática rápida no MEDLINE e CINHAL, janeiro de 2023. Resultados: Sete estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. As intervenções de enfermagem foram agrupadas em: antes, durante e após a remoção da cânula. Conclusão: A revisão da literatura mostra a necessidade de um processo de enfermagem estruturado que apoie a remoção segura da cânula. A equipa deve garantir que o motivo da realização da traqueotomia esteja resolvido e que nenhum procedimento anestésico ou cirúrgico esteja previsto para breve. Estes são alguns dos fatores essenciais, associados ao estado de consciência, cuff desinsuflado e tolerância à oclusão da cânula de traqueotomia, antes da sua remoção. A literatura destaca a necessidade de equipas experientes, incluindo enfermeiros, para garantir que o processo de remoção da cânula seja seguro.

Abstract Lymphomas represent a wide spectrum of neoplasms arising from lymphocytes. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma may arise from lymphatic cells located in solid organs (extranodal) in 25 to 35% of the cases. The occurrence of female genital tract lymphoma is very uncommon. However, it is important to be aware of this neoplastic condition and to include it in the differential diagnosis of other gynecological neoplasms since its clinical presentation may be similar. An accurate diagnosis allows for appropriate therapy decision making and avoids unnecessary interventions. We present three clinical cases of female genital tract lymphomas, in multiparous and post-menopausal women, whose first sign was abnormal uterine bleeding, a clinical presentation similar to other gynecological neoplasms.

Resumo Os linfomas representam um amplo espectro de neoplasias, com origem nos linfócitos. O linfoma não Hodgkin pode surgir de células linfáticas localizadas em órgãos sólidos (extranodais) em 25 a 35% dos casos. O linfoma do trato genital feminino é bastante incomum. No entanto, é importante conhecer esta patologia e incluí-la no diagnóstico diferencial de outras neoplasias ginecológicas, uma vez que a sua apresentação clínica pode ser semelhante. Um diagnóstico correto conduz a um tratamento adequado, evitando intervenções desnecessárias. Descrevemos três casos clínicos de linfomas do trato genital feminino em mulheres multíparas e em pós-menopausa, cuja manifestação inicial foi hemorragia uterina anormal, apresentação clínica semelhante a outras neoplasias ginecológicas.

Abstract Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi green fruits essential oil (EO) was evaluated regarding its phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and toxicity. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was applied to identify its constituents, thereafter the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations, and its antibiofilm activity were evaluated. The EO cytotoxicity was assessed in tumor and non-tumor human cells, and in vivo toxicity was evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. The major constituents of S. terebinthifolia EO were alpha-phellandrene and beta-phellandrene. The EO had a weak activity against all strains of Candida albicans (MIC 1000μg/mL) and had no activity against non-albicans strains, bacteria, and C. albicans biofilm. Cytostatic activity against all tumor cell lines was shown. Additionally, cell viability remained at EO concentrations up to 62.5 μg/mL. At 16 mg/mL, 50% hemolysis was observed, and it had low toxicity in vivo. Overall, the S. terebinthifolia EO was characterized by low antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with no evidence of toxicity to human tumor and non-tumor cells.

ABSTRACT Rickets is a disease characterized by a deficiency in bone ossification, affecting the metaphyses, and therefore children during their growth stages, with a common clinical expression even though there are several etiologies, among them the lack of vitamin D3, a rare cause in our subtropical country due to the action of UVB rays. We present the case of a 2-year-old 3-month-old child with bilateral congenital renal hypoplasia who underwent outpatient peritoneal dialysis for CKD starting at 3 months of age. She was admitted to the hospital to be treated for dysfunction of peritoneal dialysis caused by a distal catheter obstruction. On her admission examination, there was evidence of growth retardation and delayed motor development, as well as clinical, radiographic and laboratory signs of active rickets. Blood levels of vitamin D2 very low, which showed this to be a deficiency rickets, She was treated with Calcitriol at 3,000 IU / day, and had a good response to the medication, showing improvement in her bone lesions and motor development, beginning to stand up and taking steps with support.

RESUMEN El raquitismo es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por una deficiencia en la osificación de los huesos, afectando a las metáfisis y por tanto a los niños en su etapa de crecimiento, con una expresión clínica común aun teniendo varias etiologías, entre ellas la carencia de vitamina D3, siendo ésta causa poco frecuente en nuestro país debido a la acción de los rayos solares UVB por ser un país subtropical. El motivo de la presentación es el caso de un niño de 2 años 3 meses portador de una hipoplasia renal congénita bilateral, que era sometido a diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria por ERC desde los 3 meses de edad. Ingresó al hospital para ser tratado por disfunción de la diálisis peritoneal causada por obstrucción distal del catéter, en el examen al ingreso se constataron hipocrecimiento y retraso del desarrollo motor importante, así como signos clínicos, radiográficos y de laboratorio de raquitismo activo, presentando en la sangre niveles de vitamina D2 muy bajos lo que reveló ser raquitismo carencial, iniciándose tratamiento con Calcitriol a 3.000 UI/día, teniendo una buena respuesta a la medicación, mejorando las lesiones óseas y del desarrollo motor comenzando a ponerse de pie y dando pasos con apoyo.

ABSTRACT Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg., Cannabaceae, is popularly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, chemical and pharmacological investigations are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from C. iguanaea on markers of cardiovascular diseases and the glucose metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. Therefore, hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol) were orally treated with C. iguanaea extract (C-150, CI-300, or CI-600 mg/kg) or simvastatin (4 mg/kg) (n = 6) once a day (30 days) with a hypercholesterolemic diet. A control group (C) was given saline. C. iguanaea extract showed significant decreases in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HMG-CoA-reductase, interleukin-1 and 6, TNF-α and IFN-γ when compared to group C (p < 0.001). Hypoglycemic effects were observed along with a decrease of the activity of sucrase (CI-600), maltase (CI-150, CI-300), and an increase in muscle glycogen levels (CI-300). Antioxidant effects were observed in plasma by the decrease of TBARS and increase of nonprotein thiols levels (CI-600). The histopathological analysis showed a significant decrease in the liver fat area for C. iguanaea extract compared to group C (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the biological effects of C. iguanaea extract could be related to the flavonoids that possibly exert antioxidant, enzymatic inhibitory, and insulin-mimetic effects.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do carvão ativado com CO2 (CA) produzido a partir da casca de amendoim como adsorvente para remoção de fenol em solução aquosa (100-300 mg.L-1). A caracterização do CA foi realizada pelos métodos de BET, DRX, TGA, FT-IR e pHpcz, houve a caracterização da casca de amendoim (CS) para fins de comparação. Avaliou-se a influência do pH inicial da solução e a dosagem do adsorvente (D.A.). As condições de trabalho foram definidas com o auxílio de um planejamento fatorial 23 (PF) avaliando a influência das variáveis: D.A., granulometria (G.) e velocidade de agitação (V.A.) sobre o processo adsortivo, tendo como resposta a capacidade adsortiva q (mg.g-1). Com base nos resultados do PF foram realizados estudos cinéticos e de equilíbrio de adsorção. O carvão foi classificado como mesoporoso e predominantemente amorfo. Na TGA foi observada maior estabilidade do material após a ativação. Nos espectros de FT-IR foram identificadas bandas referentes a grupos hidroxilas, carboxílicos e ésteres. O pHpcz foi 10,4 possibilitando a utilização das soluções fenólicas em pH natural da solução. No PF, o maior q foi obtido para o nível 4 g.L-1, G. < 0,090 mm e 300 rpm, condição adotada nos estudos cinéticos e de equilíbrio. A evolução cinética foi rápida até 120 minutos, atingindo o equilíbrio em torno de 480 minutos. O modelo pseudo n ordem foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais e foi constatado que o processo é controlado por mais de uma etapa, incluindo difusão intrapartícula. No estudo do equilíbrio os modelos que melhor se ajustaram aos dados experimentais foram os de Fritz-Schlunder e Redlich-Peterson apresentando qmax de 29,01 ± 0,96 mg.g-1. Os resultados demonstraram o potencial técnico do carvão em estudo para remoção de fenol presente em solução aquosa

ABSTRACT This work had the aim of evaluate the efficiency of the activated carbon with CO2 (CA) produced from peanut shell as adsorbent which was applied to remove phenol from aqueous water (100-300 mg.L-1). The characterization of the CA was performed by BET, DRX, TGA, FT-IR e pHpcz methods and was performed the characterization of the peanut shell (CS) for comparison. The influence of initial pH of the solution and the dosage of the adsorbent (D.A.) was studied. Working conditions were defined with the help of a 23 factorial design (FD) evaluating the variables influence: DA, particle size (P.S) and stirring speed (S.S.) on the adsorption process, it is found as response the adsorption capacity, q (mg g-1). Based on the FD results kinetic studies and adsorption equilibrium were performed. The coal was classified as mesoporous and is predominantly amorphous. In the TGA greater stability of the material was observed after the activation. By FT-IR spectra bands were identified hydroxyl, carboxylic and ester groups. The pHpcz was 10.4 allowing the use of phenolic solutions in the natural pH of the solution. In FD the highest q was obtained for the level 4 g.L-1, G.<0.090 mm and 300 rpm, adopted condition for executing the kinetic and equilibrium studies. The kinetic evolution was fast up to 120 minutes, reaching equilibrium around 480 minutes. The pseudo-order n model was the best fit for experimental data and it was found that the process is controlled by more than one step, including intraparticle diffusion. For the equilibrium study the models that best fit the experimental data were Fritz-Schlunder and Redlich-Peterson with a qmax of 29.01 ± 0.96 mg.g-1. The results demonstrate the technical potential of the coal under study for the removal of phenol in aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antifungal, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of the extract from the leaves of Guapira graciliflora Mart. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the extract and its fractions was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against species of Candida. The inhibition of C. albicans biofilm was evaluated based on the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and metabolic activity (MTT). The antiproliferative activity of the extract and its fraction was evaluated in the presence of human tumor and non-tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of the extract was determined on the RAW 264.7 macrophage line – both using the sulforhodamine B method. The phytochemical characterization indicated the presence of the flavonoids rutin and kaempferol. The extract and the methanol fraction exhibited moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, and strong activity against C. dubliniensis. In the biofilms at 24 and 48 hours, the concentration of 12500 µg/mL of the extract was the most effective at reducing the number of CFU s/mL (44.4% and 42.9%, respectively) and the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells (34.6% and 52%, respectively). The extract and its fractions had no antiproliferative effect on the tumor lines tested, with mean activity (log GI50) equal to or greater than 1.71 µg/mL. Macrophage cell viability remained higher than 80% for concentrations of the extract of up to 62.5 µg/mL. G. graciliflora has flavonoids in its chemical composition and demonstrates potential antifungal and antibiofilm activity, with no evidence of a significant change in the viability of human tumor and non-tumor cell lines.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) têm alta mortalidade e morbidade por complicações cardiovasculares, inclusive por redução da capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Analisar a evolução clínica e laboratorial de pacientes em HD ambulatorial submetidos à reabilitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) intradialítica. Métodos: Avaliamos 14 pacientes em um estudo prospectivo por 8 meses, utilizando protocolo de RCP com exercícios aeróbicos intradialíticos. Analisamos frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e escala de Borg modificada em todas as sessões de HD. Avaliamos função cardíaca por ecocardiograma, capacidade funcional (CF) pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M), e qualidade de vida pelo Questionário SF-36, antes e depois da RCP. Dados bioquímicos e de Kt/Vsp foram coletados dos prontuários. Resultados: Durante a RCP, os resultados de FC, PAS, PAD, SpO2 e escala de Borg não mostraram alterações significativas. No TC6M observamos aumento progressivo da distância percorrida (p < 0,001) e redução na escala de Borg pós-TC6M entre D0-D180 (p = 0,009). Não houve alteração significativa nos testes bioquímicos e no KT/Vsp. Houve aumento na fração de ejeção de 65,7 ± 10,2 para 73,6 ± 10,1% (p = 0,028) e no diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (p = 0,027). No questionário SF-36, houve melhora significativa nos domínios: limitação física (p = 0,012), dor (p = 0,007) e vitalidade (p = 0,009). Conclusão: A RCP intradialítica nesta população foi segura e permitiu melhora objetiva da CF e tolerância ao exercício, melhora subjetiva na percepção do esforço, aumento significativo da função cardíaca, bem como melhoria na qualidade de vida em diferentes domínios.

Abstract Introduction: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) present high mortality from cardiovascular complications and high morbidity, including decreasing functional capacity and quality of life. Objective: To analyze clinical and laboratory responses of patients in HD to intradialytic cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on an outpatient basis. Methods: We evaluated 14 patients in a prospective study for 8 months using cardiopulmonary rehabilitation protocol (CRehab) consisted of intradialytic aerobic exercise with a cycle ergometer. We analyzed heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and modified Borg scale. We evaluated cardiac function by echocardiogram, functional capacity by six minutes walk test (6MWT), and quality of life by SF-36 survey, before and after CRehab. Biochemical data and KT/Vsp were collected form medical records. Results: During CRehab, the results of HR, SBP, DBP, SpO2 and Borg scale showed no significant changes. 6MWT test showed progressive increase in the distance covered (p < 0.001) as well as a reduction in the scale of Borg post-6MWT (p = 0.009). There was no significant change in any biochemical data or in KT/Vsp. There was increase in left ventricular ejection from 65.7 ± 10.2% to 73.6 ± 10.1% (p = 0.028) and in left ventricular diastolic diameter (p = 0.027). According to SF-36 survey, patients showed improvement in three areas: physical role functioning (p = 0.012), bodily pain (p = 0.007) and vitality (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The intradialytic CRehab applied in this population was safe and allowed objective improvement of functional capacity and exercise tolerance, subjective improvement in the perception of effort, significant increase in cardiac function and better quality of life in different domains.

Abstract Introduction: Empathy is the mediating role of the physician-patient relationship. Through this process the practitioner seeks to understand the patient's frame of reference and also to establish a relationship of openness, mutual respect, trust and deep understanding. Objective: This study aims to analyze the perceptions of medical students on the importance of empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, and to analyze the gender differences and in the different years of the course. It is also intended to identify a taxonomy of students based on their perceptions of empathy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate medical students. A total of 208 medical students responded to the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student Portuguese Version (JSPE-spv). Principal Components Analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify the number and compositions of emerged factors. The scores of the retained factors were submitted to a cluster analysis to identify different groups of students, based on the dimension of empathy. A One-way Anova analysis and post-hoc tests of Tukey supported the identified cluster. Results: This study shows statistically significant differences between genders, i.e., female individuals show higher scores than male individuals. Empathy increases over the course, but with no statistically significant differences. Six factors emerged from factor analysis, and three of them are empathy dimensions found in other studies: “adoption of perspectives”, “compassionate care”, and “standing in the patients shoes”. Cluster analysis divided the students into five groups according to the dimensions of empathy identified. Conclusions: In this medical school in Portugal, it may be concluded that women are more empathetic than men, and empathy grows throughout the course. It is recommended to carry out a longitudinal study, in order to follow the evolution of these students, as well as to analyze factors that contribute to the increase in empathy characteristics.

Resumen Introducción. La empatía es el papel mediador de la relación médico-paciente. A través de este proceso el profesional busca entender el marco de referencia del paciente y también para establecer una relación de transparencia, el respeto mutuo, la confianza y la comprensión profunda. Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las percepciones de los estudiantes de medicina acerca de la importancia de la empatía en la relación médico-paciente y analizar la existencia de diferencias de género y en los diferentes años de la carrera. También se pretende identificar una taxonomía de los estudiantes basada en sus percepciones de la empatía. Método. Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo entre los estudiantes de pregrado de medicina. Un total de 208 estudiantes de medicina respondió a la Escala Jefferson de empatía médica del estudiante versión en portugués. Se utilizó análisis de componentes principales con rotación varimax para identificar el número y composición de factores surgido. Las puntuaciones de los factores retenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de clusters para identificar diferentes grupos de estudiantes basados en la dimensión de la empatía. Un análisis Oneway-ANOVA y los test post-hoc de Tukey han soportado la agrupación identificada. Resultados. Este estudio presenta diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los géneros, es decir, los individuos femeninos revelan puntuaciones más altas que los individuos de sexo masculino, la empatía aumenta durante el curso, pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Seis factores emergieron del análisis factorial y tres de ellos son dimensiones de empatía que se encuentran en otros estudios: «la adopción de perspectivas», «atención humanitaria» y «colocarse en lugar de los otros». El análisis de clusters divide a los alumnos en cinco grupos, de acuerdo con las dimensiones de la empatía identificadas. Conclusiones. Es posible concluir que, en esta escuela de medicina en Portugal, las mujeres son más empáticas que los hombres, y, a medida que atraviesan los diferentes años en el curso en general, la empatía crece. Se recomienda llevar a cabo un estudio longitudinal, con el fin de seguir la evolución de estos estudiantes y analizar los factores que contribuyen para el aumento de las características de empatía.

ABSTRACT Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae, are traditionally used to treat dyspepsia. This study evaluated the hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the leaves of C. scolymus in rat's model. Hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 15 days) were treated (0.5 ml/200 g) with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) or simvastatin (4 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) once per day for 30 days along with hypercaloric diet. A control group (C) was given water (0.5 ml/200 g; n = 6). A high-cholesterol diet was maintained throughout the treatment period. Rats treated with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) and simvastatin showed significant decreases in serum levels of total cholesterol (−46.9%, −51.9%, −44%, and −41.9%, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C; −52.1%, −54.8%, −51.9%, and −46.7%, respectively), compared with group C (p < 0.005). Biochemical analyses revealed significant decrease in the concentration of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein, oxidized-LDL, and antioxidized-LDL in rats treated with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg). There were no differences in serum ALT enzyme activity between the groups. Our results suggest that hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects could be related with the presence of polar substances present in aqueous extract of C. scolymus.

Subterranean termites are serious pests of wood in service in much of the world. One of the most popular techniques for monitoring and controlling termites is the use of in-ground monitoring stations. Different cellulosic matrices were evaluated in terms of mass loss, moisture content variation and termite presence, accounting for spatial coordinates and monitoring station conditional variables, including: type of cellulosic matrix, matrix treatment and meteorological conditions, during one year in field conditions, both in Portugal and in the USA. A multivariate redundancy analysis was performed resulting in 60,4% of data variability being explained by the variables considered in this analysis. Spatial variables were responsible for the highest amount of variance observed in the response variables monitored for the termite monitoring stations, followed by the type of cellulosic matrix, from which cellulose and Hevea brasiliensis were the most influential variables. The optimization of termite in-ground monitoring stations should be performed through correct evaluation of termite feeding preferences and decay resistance, in order to choose an adequate bait matrix and a proper bait design. The termite species biology and the geographical location where control programs will be applied should also be taken into account.

Background: evidences have shown a strongly association between metabolic syndrome (MS), cardiovascular diseases and chronic low-grade inflammation, being this last, related with the occurrence of sarcopenia and atherosclerosis. Despite several benefits, the effects of resistance training (RT) on inflammatory profile are controversial. Thereby, this study aims to investigate the effects of a RT on the inflammatory profile of men with MS risk factors. Methods: fifteen sedentary men (57.53 ± 7.07 years old) with 2 or more MS components underwent a RT for 14 weeks (3 times per week), with intensity ranging between 40 and 70% of one repetition maximum. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to body composition assessment and serum was collected to evaluate biochemical and inflammatory parameters before and after the RT. Results: despite the absence of changes in body weight, total muscular content and biochemical parameters, the individuals demonstrated a reduction on body fat content (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the RT resulted in lower circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin- 6 (p < 0.05), in higher levels of intelerukin-10 (p < 0.05) and in the stabilization of interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma concentrations. It was concluded that a moderate RT benefits inflammatory profile, contributing to a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Introducción: la evidencia muestra la relación entre síndrome metabólico (SM), enfermedades cardiovasculares e inflamación crónica de bajo grado, que está relacionada con la aparición de sarcopenia y aterosclerosis. A pesar de muchos beneficios, los efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) sobre la inflamación son controvertidos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos de 14 semanas de ER en el perfil inflamatorio de hombres con factores de riesgo para SM. Métodos: quince varones sedentarios (57,53 ± 7,07 años) con 2 o más componentes del SM fueron sometidos a un ER moderado durante 14 semanas (tres veces a la semana), con una intensidad que oscila entre 40 y 70% de una repetición máxima. La absorciometría dual de rayos X se utilizó para la evaluación de la composición corporal y el suero se recogió para evaluar los parámetros bioquímicos e inflamatorios antes y después de la ER. Resultados: a pesar del mantenimiento de la masa corporal, la masa muscular total y los parámetros bioquímicos, hubo una reducción en la grasa corporal (p < 0,05). Además, el ER disminuyó los niveles de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa e interleucina-6 circulante (p < 0,05), aumentó la concentración de interleucina-10 (p < 0,05) y mantuvo la interleucina-1 y el interferón-gamma. Se concluyó que 14 semanas de ER moderado provocan beneficios sobre el perfil inflamatorio, contribuyendo a la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre lesões testiculares e os níveis hormonais em ratos infectados experimentalmente por Trypanosoma evansi. Para isso, a mensuração de hormônios reprodutivos, histopatologia e biomarcadores de lesão celular foi realizada em 24 animais, que foram divididos em dois grupos com 12 animais cada. Grupo A foi usado como controle negativo, não infectado, enquanto o grupo B foi composto por animais infectados com T. evansi. Ambos os grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos (n=6), então soro e fragmentos testiculares foram colhidos no dia 5 (A1 e B1) e 15 (A2 e B2) pósinfecção (PI). A análise morfológica mostrou aumento de alterações de cabeça e cauda de espermatozóides em ratos infectados quando comparados aos do grupo controle. Uma redução significativa (P<0,01) nos níveis de LH, FSH, estradiol e testosterone associado com um aumento do cortisol foi observada no soro dos ratos do grupo B quando comparado com grupo A. Além disso, o NOx, peroxidação lipídica e oxidação proteica foram elevados nos testículos, indicando a ocorrência de lesão celular. Pela histopatologia foi possível observar uma degeneração testicular, entre outras alterações nos animais infectados. Portanto, com base nestes resultados é possível concluir que a infecção experimental por T. evansi causou mudanças nos níveis dos principais hormônios em ratos machos associados com lesão celular.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between testicular lesions and hormone levels in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. For that, the measurement of reproductive hormones, histopathology and biomarkers of cellular injury were carried out in twenty-four animals, which were divided into two groups with 12 animals each. Group A was the negative control, or uninfected, while group B was composed by animals infected with T. evansi. Both groups were divided again into two other subgroups (n=6), from which serum and testicular fragments were collected on days 5 (A1 and B1) and 15 (A2 and B2) post-infection (PI). The morphological analysis showed increased alterations of head and tail of sperm in infected rats when compared with those of the control group. A significant reduction (P<0.01) in the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and estradiol, associated with an increase in cortisol, was observed in serum of group B when compared with negative control. Additionally, NOx, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were enhanced in testicles, indicating the occurrence of cellular lesion. On histopathology, it was possible to observe testicular degeneration, among other disorders in infected animals. Therefore, based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the experimental infection with T. evansi caused changes in the levels of the main hormones of male rats associated with cellular injury.

OBJECTIVE: Newborn infants are the most heavily transfused population inside intensive care units. The hemoglobin level used to indicate the need of transfusions is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate transfusional practices in newborns in the neonatal intensive care units of one specific city.METHODS: Red blood cell transfusion practices of all transfused newborns in all five of the neonatal intensive care units of the city were analyzed. Data are reported as descriptive statistics, including numbers and percentages and means and standard deviation. Univariate analysis, followed by stepwise logistic regression was performed in respect to transfusional data and outcomes.RESULTS: A total of 949 patients were admitted to the intensive care units during the 12-month study period with 20.9% receiving at least one transfusion, most (62.4%) of whom received more than one transfusion. The mean number of transfusions per infant was 2.7 ± 2.16; in the liberal transfusion group the mean number was 1.59 ± 1.63 and in the restrictive group it was 1.08 ± 1.51. The mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were 9.0 g/dL (±1.4 g/dL) and 27.4% (±4.3%), respectively. The most common indications for blood transfusions were sepsis and prematurity.CONCLUSION: This study shows that the characteristics and the transfusion practices for newborns admitted in the neonatal intensive care units of Juiz de Fora are similar to recent pubications. There was no significant reduction in the number of transfusions per child in the restrictive group compared to the liberal group. Restrictive transfusions are an independent risk factor for peri-intraventricular hemorrhages and death.

O estudo fitoquímico das raízes de Dahlstedtia glaziovii (Fabaceae) forneceu um novo dibenzoilmetano (glaziovione), juntamente com dezoito compostos conhecidos. Suas estruturas foram determinadas através de métodos espectroscópicos de ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR) 1D e 2D (correlação heteronuclear única quântica, HSQC, e correlação heteronuclear de múltipla ligação, HMBC) e espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (HRMS). A atividade antiproliferativa foi investigada para os extratos, para os dibenzoilmetanos 2'-metóxi-8-(α-α-dimetilalil)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoilmetano, 3,4-metilenodioxi-2'-metóxi-8-(α-α-dimetilalil)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoilmetano e pongamol, e para as flavonas lanceolatina B, karanjina, pongapina e 3',4'-metilenodioxi-2",2"-dimetilpirano-[5",6":8,7]-flavona. Os dibenzoilmetanos foram mais ativos do que as flavonas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi investigada para os extratos, sendo que estes não se apresentaram ativos.

A phytochemical study of roots of Dahlstedtia glaziovii (Fabaceae) furnished a new dibenzoylmethane (glaziovione), along with eighteen known compounds. Their structures were determined through 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, HMBC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectral analyses. The antiproliferative activity was investigated for the crude extracts, the dibenzoylmethanes 2'-methoxy-8-(α-α-dimethylallyl)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoylmethane, 3,4-methylenedioxy-2'-methoxy-8-(α-α-dimethylallyl)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoylmethane and pongamol, and the flavones lanceolatin B, karanjin, pongapin and 3',4'-methylenedioxy-2",2"-dimethylpyrano-[5",6":8,7]-flavone. The dibenzoylmethanes were more active than the flavones.The extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects, but none was shown to be active.